In this pathway we look at elements which can pose an obstacle to effective listening and speaking such as the ideas that speaking and listening are intrinsically linked and should ideally be approached at the same time.
Speaking and listening are communicative activities and without motivation to exchange information students will not listen or speak effectively. For this reason web materials such as podcasts and videos are more effective as they stimulate S interest and create motivation.
Predicting, finding and recording vocabulary and pronunciation are part of the essential preparation of listening and speaking activities and without this stage listening and speaking activities will not be successful.